Sources

Citations refer to sections in the electronic edition. Historical and practical observations are assessed individually; health claims and universal ageing assertions are not endorsed.

Describes tea through the end of the twentieth century. Historical production figures, administrative boundaries and reported tree ages must be read in their original context, rather than as current facts.

28-page drafting explanation for the GB/T 19598 revision. Contains the 2006 standard's sensory tables side by side with the draft, sample statistics (283 samples) and rationale. Draft-stage wording; some values changed in the final 2025 text (e.g. 陈香 aroma terms, 音韵 definition).

Clauses 4.1.1, 4.1.10 and 4.1.11.4 are represented by a traditional-character transcription. Replaced by GB 7718-2025 from 2027-03-16.

Official catalogue as of 20 October 2026: published 18 July 2006, implemented 1 December 2006, and still listed as current. It replaced GB 18745-2002; the catalogue identifies amendment No. 1. GB/T 18745-2026 is scheduled to replace it on 1 April 2027. This record verifies edition metadata; specific requirements must be checked against the relevant standard text.

Official catalogue as of 20 October 2026: published 31 March 2026, with implementation scheduled for 1 April 2027, replacing GB/T 18745-2006. It is not yet in force. The catalogue establishes dates and replacement status, not the wording of individual clauses. The separately listed full-text PDF is hosted by China Food Safety News; it must be distinguished from this official catalogue record.

Status 废止 (废止日期 2025-09-01); issued 2006-12-29, in force 2007-06-01; replaced GB 19598-2004 原产地域产品 安溪铁观音 (issued 2004-11-04, in force 2005-01-01, 废止, per the search JSON); replaced by GB/T 19598-2025.

Status 现行; issued 2025-02-28, in force 2025-09-01; 全部代替 GB/T 19598-2006; plan 20221453-T-463; TC554 (全国知识管理标准化技术委员会), executed by TC554SC1 地理标志分会; 主管部门 国家知识产权局.

Final published text; its wording differs in places from the 2024 draft explanation.

Catalogue record: not yet effective; issued 2026-03-31, effective 2027-04-01. Catalogue metadata only; not the full clauses.

Status 现行; issued 2008-05-05, in force 2008-10-01; last review 2025-08-04, conclusion 继续有效; drafted by 福建省永春县质量技术监督局, 永春县农业局 etc.

Status 现行 until replaced; published 2008-06-25, in force 2008-10-01; competent body 国家知识产权局. Catalogue metadata only; not the full clauses.

Catalogue record: not yet effective; issued 2026-03-31, effective 2027-04-01. Catalogue metadata only; not the full clauses.

Status 即将实施 (not yet in force); published 2026-03-31, in force 2027-04-01. Catalogue metadata only; not the full clauses.

Catalogue record; this source does not establish the wording of the full standard.

Status 废止 (abolished); published 2008-08-12, in force 2009-03-01.

Catalogue record: current; published 1 November 2017, effective 1 May 2018; replaces GB/T 22291-2008. Responsible body: All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives. Clause descriptions rely on a Sohu reproduction and quotations in T/XMSSAL 0048-2025; these are secondary reproductions, not the official full text.

Image of printed page 2, covering the end of clause 3.2, Gongmei and Shoumei definitions, four product types and separate grades within each type. The accompanying OCR is degraded; this page does not establish complete tables, physicochemical limits or clause 8.4.

Printed page 1 of a three-page preview. Covers scope and complete 3.1 Silver Needle definition; 3.2 White Peony continues onto absent p. 2. Does NOT establish clauses 3.3 onward, grades or storage clause.

Status 现行; issued 2013-12-31, in force 2014-06-22; last review 2021-05-17 with conclusion 修订; plan 20101207-T-442; TC339.

Status 现行; issued 2013-12-31, in force 2014-06-22; last review 2021-05-17, conclusion 修订; plan 20111273-T-442 (下达 2011-12-14). The record does not mention the 2016 amendment No. 1.

Status 现行; issued 2015-07-03, in force 2015-11-02; last review 2021-05-17, conclusion 修订; plan 20131072-T-442.

Catalogue metadata only; not the full clauses. It identifies status, dates, CCS/ICS and competent bodies.

Status 现行; issued 2017-11-01, in force 2018-05-01; last review 2021-05-17, conclusion 修订; plan 20142705-T-442. Drafters include 福建省永春香橼茶叶有限公司 and 永春县魁斗莉芳茶厂.

Catalogue record: current, issued 2015-07-03, effective 2016-02-01. Catalogue metadata only; not the full clauses.

Status 现行; published 2015-07-03, in force 2016-02-01. Definitions in clauses 3.1 and 4.1 are quoted in the draft T/XMSSAL 0048-2025; that quotation is not the official full text.

Status 现行; published 2016-06-14, in force 2017-01-01. Catalogue metadata only; not the full clauses.

Status 现行; published 2025-06-30, in force 2025-10-01. Catalogue metadata only; not the full clauses.

Consultation draft for a Dancong grown in Huaiji County (Zhaoqing), outside Chaozhou.

Group standard, 5 pages, published 2021-11-11 and in force 2021-12-02. Annex A cites 潮市监〔2021〕33号 on unifying the product name; that report was not found.

Draft with dates 2024-XX-XX. Defines Fuding white tea products (Silver Needle, White Peony, Gongmei, Shoumei, new-craft, compressed) and names the cultivar 歌乐茶 (Gele).

Issued 29 January 2024; effective 4 February 2024. Relevant clauses 9.3–9.5 on fermentation, steaming/pressing and ageing. This association standard describes its own process controls; it is not a universal recipe for all Liubao tea.

Draft with dates 2025-XX-XX. Contains verbatim, clause-referenced quotations of GB/T 22291-2017 (3.1–3.4, 4.1) and GB/T 31751-2015 (3.1, 4.1); its own grade tables are not the national ones.

Official record list: 8 GB/T 30357 parts (.1–.7, .9) with status, issue and in-force dates. No part 8 published; part 8 (大红袍) exists only as plan 20153247-T-442. The catalogue query 《National standard search results for 乌龙茶》 (search for 乌龙茶) returns the same parts plus GB/T 35863-2018, GB/T 39562-2020, GB/T 39563-2020.

Tea plant (茶树, Camellia sinensis) is item 28 of 29.

Evidence is limited to search-indexed text; full document content is outside this source’s evidence scope.

Publisher abstracts in Chinese and English compare fresh leaf with indoor withering for 29 and 53 hours. Reported metabolite changes do not establish a universal schedule, oxidation percentage or human-health outcome.

Taxonomy of the leafhopper: names used in Taiwan, Mainland China and Japan, and the conclusion E. (Matsumurasca) onukii.

Publisher abstract and bibliographic record; evidence does not extend to the full article. Comparison of Baiye, Dawuye and Yashixiang, limited to the samples and methods studied.

Authors from the South China Botanical Garden (CAS) and GDAAS.

Classifies samples only by low vs heavy fermentation and grade; does not use 正味/消青/拖酸 terms.

Primary research abstract. Seventeen finished Dancong samples; chemical clustering at the stated similarity threshold is not a universal replacement for traditional aroma categories.

Research article. Compares two extraction methods using 2012 teas from Fenghuang town; analytical-method effects must not be mistaken for stable authentication rules.

Review article.

Explanatory notes for a draft provincial standard dated 2024-09-09. Covers Dancong's share of Guangdong output, a list of existing Dancong standards, and draft definitions of 花香型 and 蜜香型 Dancong. The standard itself is a draft and may not have been published.

Evidence is limited to indexed text of printed page 19, including the Chinese and English abstracts and introduction. It supports a steam-assisted route from finished loose tea to pressed tea and a composition comparison, not an experimental recipe, numerical results, human-health benefits or a general quality improvement.

Evidence scope: the abstract and Table 5 on seasonal windows in the HTML article.

Contract signed 1939-10-02; operations from 1940-02-01; head office 崇安赤石; director 张天福; branches and stations; wound up April 1942; site passed to 吴觉农's tea research institute. Original journal year not shown on the reprint.

Journal article with a PDF preview; the DOI resolves through chndoi.org.

Abstract only: a trial of 台茶12号 and 茗科1号 in Nan'an, Fujian (南安市丰州镇农业服务中心).

Eight Japanese tea companies taken over after the war formed the Taiwan Provincial Tea Company in January 1947; from May 1947 it became the tea branch of Taiwan Agriculture and Forestry Co.; its shares were used in the 1953 land-to-the-tiller compensation and its output counted as private from January 1955.

Abstract only. Uses the name Jacobiasca formosana Paoli.

Publisher abstract. A yeast-fermentation experiment using green tea; cited only to show that microbial tea fermentation is not biologically exclusive to the dark-tea category. It does not redefine ordinary green tea as a fermented product.

Defines 高火/中火/低火 temperature bands for oolong roasting.

Publisher abstracts in Chinese and English and bibliographic metadata; evidence excludes full methods. Air, combined air/sun, sun and baking treatments differ in volatile compounds and sensory results. These findings do not establish a universal flavour signature, method ranking or home drying recipe.

Evidence is limited to the publisher’s Chinese and English abstracts; it does not extend to the full methods. The study compares Zhenghe White Peony samples labelled as stored for 0, 5, 10 and 15 years using QDA and HS-SPME-GC-MS. These abstracts do not establish a universal optimum ageing period, a home-storage procedure, an authenticity test or a health benefit.

Publisher abstract: eleven famous green teas from four provinces, temperature/time experiments; responses differed with leaf tenderness and rolling. No leaf-to-water ratio available in abstract, so no home recipe derived.

2017. Nonrandomized controlled stable-isotope meal study in 12 iron-replete nonanemic UK women; 200 mL tea. Full text: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/65903/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdf. Acute nonheme absorption, not long-term anemia incidence.

2023. 1329 samples across six categories; processing, origin and season vary together. Not a causal comparison of health benefits.

2003. Randomized crossover; 20 medicated adults in Miaoli, Taiwan; 1500 mL/day, 30 days per phase. Small, short trial; baseline-to-end values are not a between-group treatment effect.

2011. Two double-blind randomized crossover trials of brewed black tea vs sensory-matched placebo. Industry affiliated; acute task outcomes, not dementia or daily-life performance.

2025. Analytical comparison; brewing variables and sampled teas matter. Do not generalize category ranking from selected samples.

2025; 14:2313. Analytical brewing experiment: 2 g/200 mL, 80/100 °C, 2/5/10 minutes. No human clinical outcomes; commercial market samples do not represent every Chinese tea style.

2013. Randomized crossover, three infusion concentrations; individual catechins showed different plasma dose responses; industry research affiliation.

2020. 31 trials, 3321 participants; mixed preparations. LDL WMD −4.55 mg/dL (95% CI −6.31 to −2.80).

2025. 36 RCTs; search through January 2024. SBP −1.08 and DBP −1.09 mmHg; high heterogeneity; no clear dose–duration relation.

2020. 27 RCTs, 2194 participants; fasting glucose −1.44 mg/dL; no clear HbA1c or fasting-insulin effect.

2019; 11:2362. Thirty adults, 200 mg/day, four-week crossover periods. Table 2 separates baseline changes from placebo comparisons. Manufacturer funding and employee authors disclosed.

2020. 11 healthy participants; 150 mL brewed tea containing about 166 mg EGCG. AUC geometric-mean ratio 0.371 with simultaneous tea; one-hour gap did not remove interaction.

2025. 50 RCTs in review, 15 in meta-analysis; search through August 2023. Tea-industry funding/employment disclosed. Table 1 supplies doses and samples for De Bruin trials.

2022. Chemistry review of catechin dimers, theaflavins, thearubigins. Oxidation chemistry is not clinical efficacy.

2015. Human pharmacokinetics, not benefit trial. Fasted capsule EGCG exposure higher than fed; do not convert this finding into advice to maximize absorption.

2020. 142 studies, >1.1 million people; mixed designs and inconsistent cancer-site results; no established prevention benefit.

2021. Page citation is 2021 Issue 6; older underlying trial evidence. 18 studies, 1945 completers, mostly 12–13 weeks. Small/non-significant, clinically unimportant weight effect.

2011; 125:588–594. Commercial tea infusion analysis. University author record; reported 200 mL averages are sample- and preparation-specific, not universal category values.

2013. Review of human metabolites; intestinal/microbial transformation distinguishes consumed compounds from systemic exposure.

2021. 18 trials, 870 participants, heterogeneous delivery. Insufficient evidence for first-choice gingivitis, periodontitis or caries treatment.

2019. Same-cultivar analytical processing comparison; online 2018, issue 2019. Chemical profiles, no human outcomes.

2020. 14 RCTs, 798 participants, 4–24 weeks. Low-to-moderate strength of evidence; healthy and at-risk adults analyzed separately.

2019. 24 publications: six human trials and 18 mechanistic studies. Human clinical endpoint evidence remains limited.

2023. Shanghai cohorts: 1179 men and 1078 women; observational stool composition, not randomized clinical benefit.

2020. Prospective Chinese cohort; questionnaire exposure; adjusted associations, not a randomized intervention.

2023. Mixed caffeine doses/timing, not a Chinese-tea trial. Pooled sleep duration reduction cannot be assigned to one cup.

2023. 55 RCTs; supplement-inclusive synthesis. Not evidence for a standardized loose-leaf tea prescription.

2025; 81:102076. Abstract: 19 articles, 897 participants; 18 articles in meta-analysis. Search through September 2024. Positive estimates concern subjective sleep outcomes; pure-theanine evidence and appropriate dose remain limited.

2026. Nine Taiwanese teas, four stages; catechin transformations, roasting amino acids/caffeine; no clinical endpoints.

Institutional account of single-plant selection from the Longjing population, propagation by cuttings and the former number Longjing 6043. Experimental yields and budbreak intervals do not establish universal performance.

Commercial brand directory; Haiwan started October 1999; ~800 t/yr exports since 2003 (company claim); 2007 honorary title for Zou Bingliang; Kunming address.

Company profile: predecessor 普洱茶厂 founded April 1975; 普秀 trademark; self-operated export rights.

Company filing. Established 1997-07-28 as a limited company, joint-stock from 2014-09-10, H shares listed 2025-10-28; head office Luohu, Shenzhen; factories in Anxi and Wuyishan; brands Bama, Xinjihao, Wanshanhong; Wang Wenli's bearer status from June 2009.

GPD 茶树（2018)350002; GS13010-1985; origin 西坪镇尧阳南岩.

2015. Healthy adults: single doses ≤200 mg, daily ≤400 mg generally do not raise safety concerns; pregnancy ≤200 mg/day all sources; 100 mg near bedtime can affect some adults.

2016. IARC Group 2A classification of drinking beverages above 65°C; hazard classification, not a sharp safe/unsafe threshold or cup-specific absolute risk.

Firsthand regional technical account distinguishing Mi Lan Xiang, Da’an Mi Xiang, Shitou Mi Xiang, Baiye Milan and Fanshu Xiang; historical ages remain reported estimates.

Treats Huang Zhi Xiang as an aroma family, distinguishes representative lines and identifies the Wudong Song tree under several names; states its August 2016 death.

Lists 'China Tea Co., Ltd.' as a subsidiary and 'Zhongcha tea products' among COFCO brands.

Gives provincial approval 闽认茶1985014 and origin 虎邱镇金榜骑虎岩. The entry misprints the co-editor as 杨月荣 (elsewhere 梁月荣). No national GS or GPD number given.

2024. NCCIH clinical digest: green tea/nadolol and green tea extract/atorvastatin interactions. Medication-specific advice needed.

GPD 茶树（2018)350003; GS13008-1985; origin 虎邱镇罗岩美庄.

Cultivar description cites the 1990 improved-varieties monograph, pp. 10–11. The metadata header gives 1960, while the Chinese description gives national recognition in 1985; the header is not used as a registration date.

GPD 茶树（2018)350001; GS13006-1985; origin 大坪乡福美村.

2023. Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety: avoid excessive caffeine in pregnancy and lactation, including milk tea; individual tolerance varies.

2018. Traditional infusion generally safe at customary exposure; supplement doses ≥800 mg EGCG/day associated with transaminase elevations. No safe extract dose identified; rare infusion-associated idiosyncratic cases noted.

Official English name Taiwan Tea Corporation; 'founded in 1899', former name given as Japan Mitsui Norin.

Indexed institutional account supporting descriptive sensory observation, not fixed flavour promises. The wheel graphic is not reproduced.

Table 1 describes hand-picking specifications for Taiwan specialty teas in a 2020 extension and competition context. Evidence is limited to the indexed institutional text, not a universal grading rule.

Indexed institutional explanation distinguishing drying mouthfeel from taste; it does not establish a chemical mechanism or universal cultivar ranking.

Object record and image licence as of 2026-10-19. The individual image is marked Public Domain. The museum links bowls of this type to whisked tea; this does not identify the cultivar or origin of tea served in this particular object.

Bilingual entry quoting the 2024 cultivar record: GPD and GS numbers, origin, morphology, biochemistry. Also cites 中国茶树品种志 (2001) pp. 19–20 and 中国无性系茶树品种志 (2014) p. 14.

Official property record as of 2026-10-19. Landscape inscription and governance account; not a certification of retail tea.

Brief Wikipedia entry consisting of three sentences.

Official company chronicle covering name changes, trademark registrations, the 1952 中茶牌 notice, the 1976 recipe codes and the 2004 auction contract.

Lists 安溪铁观音 (2004-07-08) and 永春佛手茶 (2006-12-28); no notice numbers.

Predecessor 中国茶业公司 (1949), first manager 吴觉农; mark in use since 1951; HQ in Chaoyang District, Beijing; COFCO holding company. The article is flagged for relying on primary sources.

Company profile covering its 1949 origins, the 中茶 trademark, its brands and factory network. These are the company’s own historical claims.

The company’s illustrated timeline records its name changes, mergers and ownership milestones from 1949 to 2017.

Official brand overview covering 海堤, 蝴蝶, 百年木仓 and 猴王, including the company’s account of 猴王’s 1982 trademark registration.

Official press release: 云南中茶茶业有限公司, invested by 中粮中茶, unveiled 9 March 2008 and licensed to use the 中茶 mark. Does not mention the old provincial import-export company.

Parent group's own news: 厦门茶叶进出口有限公司 under 中粮中茶公司, founded 1954, 海堤 trademark registered 1960, second batch of 中华老字号.

海堤 is the registered trademark of 中茶厦门; name refers to the Xiamen seawall causeway; focus on oolong and black tea; address 厦门市湖滨中路160号.

Kangzang 1941, renamed 云南省下关茶厂 in the mid-1950s, 1994 云南下关沱茶股份有限公司, 2004 privatisation, new Yinqiao plant.

Undated (2026-era). 云南农垦集团勐海八角亭茶业有限公司, formerly 黎明茶厂, in Mengzhe Town; origins in the state Liming Farm (1955); tea work from 1964.

Company's own timeline: 1899 predecessor (Mitsui), 1920s Nitto black tea, eight factories in the 1940s, 2008 Riyue Old Tea Factory and Xiongkong garden for tourism.

Gives Mandarin mǎo (conjectured from Cantonese) and mǒu.

Taiwanese reading phànn, "loose, not compact". The Mandarin dictionary mirror has no entry for 冇.

Encyclopedia-style cultivar description, 2016: plant form, leaf dimensions, chemistry, yield. Gives no approval year or number. It writes 焦岭, apparently a typo for 蕉岭.

Founded end of 1983 by a former Xiaguan factory director; 土林 凤凰 trademark 10 May 1987, no. 286510; 1989-1992 halt; Mar 1991 南涧县茶叶公司; cakes from 2003.

Dates the mark-number scheme to a 1976 meeting of the Yunnan provincial tea company; lists factory digits 1-3 only; says from 1993 the provincial company produced in its own name.

Market quote per case (件) with dated history; not a transaction price.

Lists the official JD and Tmall stores.

Founding date of the company 1975-12-11; TWSE listing 1999-01-20.

Secondary; tagged as needing more sources. Gives the 1953 predecessor 銘峰茶行, 1968 limited company, 1975 joint-stock company, 1997 OTC and 1999 TWSE listings.

Company filing. Listed on HKEX since 2011-09-26; head office in Xiamen; Li Rui-ho co-founded the group in 1993 and, per his biography, founded Ten Ren Tea Co. in Taiwan in 1975; 1,349 own and third-party outlets at end-2024.

Registry-style data: established 1999-10-29; registered address in Guandu District, Kunming. Its own brand blurb gives 1 Nov 1999.

The site labels its figures as market reference information, not transaction prices.

Commercial brand directory. Legal entity 广州市斗记茶业有限公司 registered 2013-04-26 (Haizhu, Guangzhou); brand 2006; founder Chen Haibiao entered tea trade 1998; milestones 2007-2017.

Second batch (2008), item Ⅷ-151. The page lists the related item 普洱茶制作技艺（大益茶制作技艺）for Menghai County.

Stub, unreferenced.

正山堂 as the company's high-end black-tea brand; product list (金骏眉, 银骏眉, 妃子笑, 骏眉红, regional '正山堂-X红' teas).

Company's own timeline: 元勋茶厂 1997; 福建武夷山国家级自然保护区正山茶业有限公司 2002; 金骏眉 2005; organic certifications 1999-2000; located 武夷山市星村镇桐木村庙湾.

Company's own claims: founded October 2001 by 何一心; 7,600+ mu of gardens incl. 九龙窠 and the 茶科所 (元代御茶园遗址) garden; HQ 旗山科技工业园区. Copyright line spells 'WUYISTAR Co., Ltd.' and 'WUYI STAR Co., Ltd.'